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on bark of a small, thin fallen branch of hardwood

tentative ID. i guess it could also be one of the bark-dwelling Lecidella, among other things, but the thallus is a better match for Amandinea.
if it is Amandinea (thin, poorly developed, gray-green crustose thallus, black-disced apothecia with black margins that seem to disappear for the larger mature apothecia), it should be Amandinea punctata or Amandinea polyspora, and the substrate suggests (but isn't definitive for) A. polyspora

on sunny granitic outcrop.
ID based on treatment in Allen & Lendemer with some help from The Brodo. thallus entirely endolithic; apothecia non-pruinose, large, margin distinct, wavy, thick, smooth; on siliceous rock

tentative ID. on bark of a fallen hardwood branch.
ID based on Allen & Lendemer's treatment of Pyrrhospora varians (= syn. Lecidea varians) in Urban Lichens: "no other lichens in urban areas have tiny, clustered, reddish-brown, variably pruinose apothecia". shiny, gray-green, crustose thallus
found during a NY Myco Society walk

Beautiful swirly patterns in a well decayed oak log (probably Quercus velutina judging by the tiny amount of bark that I could see). The green staining is caused by a fungus in the genus Chlorociboria.

On bark of a young Common Persimmon. Like most of this arboretum's new trees, this was sourced elsewhere and planted here, so the tree probably came in with this lichen already on it. Several patches on the tree, but the photographed patches had the most developed/visible black dots.