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Scrub Oaks tend to grow in dry habitats. More than half of California’s oak species are shrubs. Instead of developing a single, dominant trunk that arises several feet before dividing into limbs, the shoots of shrub species for many similar branches near the soil surface. These support a dense, interwoven canopy of smaller branches that tend to grow at right angles to each other. The leaves are evergreen, tough, and spiny.

Quercus (Oaks) are in the Beech (Fagaceae) family.
Those found in Monterey County are in three groups: Red (or Black) Oaks, Intermediate Oaks, and White Oaks. Red Oaks and Intermediate Oaks have acorns that generally mature over a 2 year period (Coast Live Oak is an exception to this rule). White Oaks have acorns that mature in a single season. Most Red Oaks and Intermediate Oaks are evergreen (California Black Oak being the exception). White Oaks may be either evergreen or deciduous. Hybrid forms are common. All oaks are monoecious, with conspicuous male flowers. Female flowers are found in the axils of the leaves near the tips of the new stems.

Monterey County Wildflowers https://montereywildflowers.com/tree-fagaceae-quercus/

COMPARE
California Scrub Oak vrs. Nuttal’s Scrub Oak (Quercus Dumosa). Both are High-latitude Oaks (Subgenus Quercus) and White Oaks (Section Quercus).

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Nuttal’s Scrub Oak (Quercus Dumosa) California Rare Plant Rank: 1B.1 (rare, threatened, or endangered in CA and elsewhere). A.k.a. Coastal Scrub Oak. This scrub oak is most commonly found in dry habitats.
Leaves are "cupped and small, less than 1/2 inch long. The leaf undersides have soft, felt-like hairs and the margins are spiny" Oaks of CA, p. 41
Leaves (per Jepson) "blade oblong, elliptic, or +- round, adaxially +- convex or not, +- shiny, green, abaxially fine-tomentose, in age glabrous, dull, pale green, tip obtuse to abruptly pointed, margin +- wavy or not, +- spine-toothed."

Oaks of California, B. Pavlik, P. Muick, S. Johnson, M. Popper, 1991, p. 41.

Calflora (includes species distribution map) https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=6991

Jepson eFlora (with botanical illustration) https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=40582

Leaf Terminology: Simple Diagrams/Definitions: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Leaf_morphology.svg

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COMPARED TO

Scrub Oak (Quercus berberidifolia) A.k.a. Inland Scrub Oak. Native oak that grows 6-15 ft tall and forms dense tickets. Leaves are under 1” long and are variable in shape. Margins may be smooth or toothed and sometimes spiny. The upper surface of the leaf is green and the underside is dull, grayish green with small hairs sparsely scattered over the whole lower surface. Acorns are oval, up to 1” long.

Oak Tree Species I.D. and Ecology: https://oaks.cnr.berkeley.edu/oak-tree-species-id-ecology/

Oaks of California, B. Pavlik, P. Muick, S. Johnson, M. Popper, 1991, pp. 37-38.

Calflora: (with species distribution map in CA) https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=6986

Jepson eFlora https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=76903