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Common English name: Sweet Indrajao, Pala indigo plant, Dyers’s oleander
Hindi: खिरनी, कपार, दुधी
Botanical name: Wrightia tinctoria
Family: Apocynaceae (oleander family)
Range : E. Asia - India, Myanmar.
Habitat: Dry, deciduous forests at elevations from 25 - 1,300 metres
Habit:Deciduous Tree
Height: up to 12.00 m
Wrightia tinctoria is a deciduous tree; it can grow from 6 - 18 metres tall. The bole can be 20cm in diameter. The tree is harvested from the wild for local as a medicine and source of a dye and wood. It is occasionally planted as an ornamental in the tropics. this is a small, deciduous tree with a light gray, scaly smooth bark. Native to India and Burma, Wrightia is named after a Scottish physician and botanist William Wright (1740 - 1827). The fruits pendulous, long paired follicles joined at their tips. The hairy seeds are released as the fruit dehisces. Sweet Indrajao is called Khirni or dhudi (Hindi) because of its preservative nature. Supposedly a few drops of its sap in milk prevent curdling and enhance its shelf life, without the need to refrigerate. The wood of Khirni is extensively used for all classes of turnery. It is made into cups, plates, combs, pen holders, pencils and bed stead legs. It is commonly used for making famous special toys in Udaipur city. The juice of the tender leaves is used efficaciously in jaundice. Crushed fresh leaves when filled in the cavity of decayed tooth relieve toothache. In Siddha system of medicine, it is used for psoriasis and other skin diseases.
The plant tolerates moderate shading and is often found as undergrowth in deciduous forests. Succeeds in a wide range of soil types, especially dry sandy sites or hillsides and valleys, and also tolerates high uranium levels in the soil. . Plants are intolerant of drought. A slow to moderate-growing plant. Plants commence flowering when about 7 - 8 years old. The tree responds well to coppicing, and also produces root suckers.
Edible Uses: The sap has an interesting preservative property since 'if a few drops of sap are added to milk, the milk will remain fresh without the necessity of keeping it on ice, the taste remaining unaltered. The flowers, leaves, fruits and seeds are eaten as vegetable after a thorough washing.
Medicinal: The bark is used in the treatment of dysentery. The dried and powdered bark is rubbed over the body in the treatment of dropsy.The seeds are anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, astringent and febrifuge. They are used in the treatment of fevers, diarrhoea and dysentery, intestinal worms. The leaves are used to relieve toothache when chewed with salt.The leaves and roots are pounded in water for treatment of fever.The bark and leaves are used to treat psoriasis, stomach pains, toothache, and dysentery.The milky juice is used to stop bleeding.The seeds yield a deep red, semi-drying oil, which has medicinal value.
Other Uses: The seeds, roots and leaves furnish an indigo-yielding glucoside used for dyeing cloth.About 100 - 200 kilos of leaves are needed to prepare 1 kilo of dye. The seedpods contain a floss that is used for stuffing cushions. The cream-coloured latex has a rubber content varying from 2 - 28% that can be exploited commercially. The white wood is light in weight, soft and fine-textured. Of high quality, it is suitable for carving and turnery. Carved items are said to resemble ivory in appearance. The wood is also used to make implements, furniture, small boxes, toys etc.
Propagation: Seed, cuttings
Ref:
https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Sweet%20Indrajao.html
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24600194/
https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Wrightia+tinctoria